PULSE POLIO IMMUNIZATION
Poliomyelitis---The words polio (grey) and myelon (marrow, indicating the spinal cord) are derived from the Greek. It is the effect of poliomyelitis virus on the spinal cord that leads to the classic manifestation of paralysis. Poliomyelitis or poliio is a crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease caused by poliovirus that spreads from person to person invading the brain and spinal cord resulting into paralysis. Humans are the only known reservoir of poliovirus, which is transmitted most frequently by persons having infection.Due to unavailability of any cure till date vaccination is the best way of protection and the only way to control the spread of disease.Generally ,two basic patterns of polio infection are :
- Minor illness which does not involve the central nervous system (CNS), sometimes called abortive poliomyelitis,
- A major illness involving the CNS, which may be paralytic or nonparalytic
Poliomyelitis generally spreads via the fecal-oral route by ingesting contaminated food or water and the oral-oral route. In endemic areas, polioviruses can affect the entire human population. The disease has a seasonal transmission in temperate climates, with a peak occurrence during summer and autumn.
With the global initiative of eradication of polio in 1988 following World Health Assembly resolution in 1988, Pulse Polio Immunization programme was launched in India in 1995. Children in the age group of 0-5 years administered polio drops during National and Sub-national immunization rounds (in high risk areas) every year. About 172 million children are immunized during each National Immunization Day (NID).
The last polio case in the country was reported from Howrah district of West Bengal with date of onset 13th January 2011. Thereafter no polio case has been reported in the country (25th May 2012).
WHO on 24th February 2012 removed India from the list of countries with active endemic wild polio virus transmission.
1.South-East Asia Region of WHO has been certified polio free. The Regional Certification Commission (RCC) on 27th March 2014 issued certificate which states that “The Commission concludes, from the evidence provided by the National Certificate Committees of the 11 Member States, that the transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus has been interrupted in all countries of the Region.”
2. India has achieved the goal of polio eradication as no polio case has been reported for more than 3 years after last case reported on 13th January, 2011.
3. WHO on 24th February 2012 removed India from the list of countries with active endemic wild polio virus transmission
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cases of Polio | Number of districts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
