WORLD NO TOBACCO DAY 

                                31 May 2014

Rally flagged off by Smt.Rachel Jacob,Block Panchayath President in the  presenceof Smt.DhanyaSabu,Panchayath President  Kumarakom and Sri.K T Simon,Block Panchayath member. 

Seminar conducted at CHC Conference hall by Dr.Varghese Abraham P.Welcome speech Sibi Augustine HS and vote of thanks by LHI Smt.Knakam 

        For World No Tobacco Day 2014, WHO and partners call on countries to raise taxes on tobacco.

30 April 2014 -- Every year, on 31 May, WHO and partners mark World No Tobacco Day, highlighting the health risks associated with tobacco use and advocating for effective policies to reduce tobacco consumption. Tobacco kills nearly six million people each year, of which more than 600 000 are non-smokers dying from breathing second-hand smoke. For World No Tobacco Day 2014, we are calling on countries to raise taxes on tobacco. Unless we act, the epidemic will kill more than 8 million people every year by 2030. More than 80% of these preventable deaths will be among people living in low-and middle-income countries.

How tobacco affects your body

Brain

• Nicotine, the drug that makes tobacco addictive, goes to your brain very quickly.
• Nicotine makes you feel good when you are smoking, but it can make you anxious, nervous, moody, and depressed after you smoke.
• Using tobacco can cause headaches and dizziness.

Mouth

• Tobacco stains your teeth and gives you bad breath.
• Tobacco ruins some of your taste buds, so you won't be able to taste your favorite foods as well.
• Tobacco causes bleeding gums (gum disease) and cancers of the mouth and throat.

Heart

• Smoking increases your heart rate and blood pressure and causes heart disease and heart attacks.
• If you try to do activities like exercise or play sports, your heart has to work harder to keep up.

Lungs

• Smokers have trouble breathing because smoking damages the lungs.
• If you have asthma, you can have more frequent and more serious attacks.
• Smoking causes a lot of coughing with phlegm (mucous).
• Tobacco can cause emphysema (lung disease) and lung cancer.

Skin

• Smoking causes dry, yellow skin and wrinkles.
• The smell sticks to your skin.

Muscles

• Less blood and oxygen flows to your muscles, which causes them to hurt more when you exercise or play sports.

What Happens When You Quit smoking

• Immediately after quitting smoking, heart rate and blood pressure, which is abnormally high while smoking, begin to return to normal.
• Within a few hours, the level of carbon monoxide, which reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen, begins to decline.
• Within a few weeks, circulation improves, you don’t produce as much phlegm, and you don’t cough or wheeze as often.
• The workload on the heart is decreased and cardiac function is improved.
• Food tastes better, and your sense of smell returns to normal.
• Everyday activities no longer leave you out of breath.
• Within several months of quitting, you experience significant improvements in lung function.
• In one year, your risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke is halved.
• In five years, many kinds of cancer, including lung, larynx, mouth, stomach, cervix, bladder, show decline in risk, and that decline approaches the risk of someone who has never smoked.
• Within 10 to 15 years, risk of lung disease, including bronchitis and emphysema, are decreased.
• Conditions such as cataracts, macular degeneration, thyroid conditions, hearing loss, dementia, and osteoporosis are positively affected.
• Nerve endings in the mouth and nose begin to regenerate, improving taste and smell.
• Medications may work better, enabling some to be taken in decreased doses.
• If you’re taking birth control pills, quitting smoking will decrease your chance of heart attack and stroke due to clotting.
• You’ll have decreased risk for impotence and infertility.
• If you’re pregnant, you’ll protect your unborn child from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and low birth weight.
• Years will be added to your life: people who quit smoking, regardless of their age, are less likely than those who continue to smoke to die from smoking-related illness.

KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE

 Kyasanur forest disease is an arthropod borne viral disease
discovered in shimoga district of Karnataka state during March-1957.
ETIOLOGY:- The disease is caused by " B"  group Arbo Virus. The agent
KFD Virus is a RNA Genome Virus of the genus flavi virus, Family flavi
viride. It is antigenicaly related to  Langat, DHF and westnile
viruses.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION;-
    KFD was persisting only in 5 Districts of Karnataka namely Shimoga,
Chickmagalur, Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada and Udupi till 2012. In
December -2012 incidences of KFD  was confirmed in monkeys, Ticks and
Human in Chamarajanagara District. Incidence of KFD in Monkey was
confirmed in Mysore district in January-2013. Later incidences of KFD
in monkey was also confirmed in Nilgiris district of Tamilnadu. One
incidence of Human was confirmed In Kerala State also.
EPIDEMIOLOGY:- The disease affects all ages in both sexes .  But it is
common in young people who are more exposed to forest. This is a
seasonal disease usually from December to May. During this period,
nymphal stage of Tick is very active, the exposure of Human is also
more in the forest.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION;- The disease is transmitted by the bite of
infected ticks. The nymphal  stage of tick is primarily responsible
for the transmission of the disease. The ticks once infected remains
infective through out their life. The tick belongs to genus
Heamophysalis and speices spinigera which is the commonest vector.
Incubation period is 3 - 8 days.
CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:-  The onset is sudden with high fever,
severe headache, Nausea and Severe bodypain more in back and legs. The
viremia is upto 12 days maximum between 3 - 6 days. Persons with above
symptoms may be treated in the nearest Primary Health Centre. I E C
activities to be carried out for the local people.
HAEMATOLOGICAL MANIFESTATION:- There may be bleeding from nose, gums,
rectum, urethra person may become hypotensive leading to shock.
NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS;- Drowsiness, twitching of muscles, tremors,
convulsions and neck stiffness.
TREATMENT FOR THE KFD PATIENTS;- There is no specific treatment for
KFD. Hence, all the  patients are treated symptomatically. Correction
severe dehydration by infusion of I.V. Fluids, use of antipyretics to
control fever help in recovery of patients. There is no special drug
for KFD, therefore following steps are adopted for treating the
patients.
a)    Early hospitalization.
b)    Absolute bedrest.
c)    Administration of oral and I.V.Fluids.
d)    Vitamin C and K.
e)    Antibiotics.
f)    Eye ointment.
g)    Injection perinorm.
h)    If there is cerebral edema 10% Dextrose I.V or Manitol should be
administered.
i)    Inj. Batrophase and blood transfusion in case of haemorraghic symptoms.

SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMME;-  Active and intensive surveillance should be
carried out. The following preventive measures are to be taken in KFD
epidemic area.
1)    People should be advised not  to go to the forest where monkey
deaths are reported.
2)    Persons whose visit to the forest is inevitable should be advised
to cover the body with thick cloths and Gum boots.
3)    Application of D.M.P Oil (Insect repellent) to expose parts before
going to forest.
4)    Washing clothes and body with hotwater and soap, after returning
from the forest.
5)    Incidences of human fever cases and unnatural monkey deaths
occurred KFD epidemic area to be monitored and detail information be
communicated to health authorities.
6)    Monkey death should be reported to the nearest PHC/PHU/CSC/GH.
Samples of brain, Lungs, Heart, Kidney and Lever may be collected from
dead monkey (Fresh) in Sterile plastic vials by Health workers with
the co-operation of local Veterinarians and transported in cold chain
to VDL, Shimoga. Carcass of the dead monkey should be burnt after
collection of samples. Hot spot dusting with Malathion powder in the
areas were monkey death have been reported with in 50 meter radius
around the spot of monkey death besides the endemic foci.
7)    Haemaphysalis spinigera, H.Turturis, H.Kinneri and H.Kyasanurensis,
are the commonest vector of KFD. Collection of ticks, larvae, nymphs
are carriedout by flag dragging method. Some of the ticks are
collected from domestic animals and body of the forest workers and
arround Hot spots where unnatural monkey deaths have occurred by
plucking method. Ticks samples are labled and sent in cold-chain to
VDL.Shimoga.
8)    The surveillance programme includes detection of Human fever cases.
Collection of suspected human blood samples for diagnosis is
necessary.  3 - 5 ml of serum is to be collected aseptically labled
and sent in cold-chain to VDL Shimoga.
KFD VACCINATION PROGRAMME;- KFD vaccination is the Key for the whole
programme. The timing of vaccination should be linked to the
transmission cycle so that people can be protected. Population at risk
should immunized.
a)    Population at risk
1)    Previously affected villages.
2)    Surrounding villages of 5 kms radius around monkey deaths, Tick
positives and Human positives.
b)    Planning of vaccination:-
1)    Population at risk are to be identified.
2)    Estimation of doses of vaccine required.
3)    Emphasis should be on I.E.C. activities to create awareness about
vaccination in the community.
    C) Vaccination schedule:-
          1) Two doses at an interval of one month.
          2) Age group  6 - 14 years -  0.5 ml S C route.
                                  15 - 65 years - 1.0 ml S C route.
4)    Booster dose is administered after  6 - 9 months.
            Warning: Vaccine should not be administered to pregnant
women, person allergic to Gentamycin, Crystaline pencilin and Egg
protein, and also to person with symptoms of  Jaundice and Cardiac
complaints.
            There will be irritation at the site of inoculation for 2
- 8 minutes.
  D) Storage of Vaccine:-
        1) Vaccine should be stored at + 2 C to + 4 C temperature.
Vaccine should not be frozen at any cost, if frozen discard